In spring, plants sprout, tree leaves unfurl, and flowers blossom. Winter typically has cold weather, little daylight, and limited plant growth. Seasons have an enormous influence on vegetation and plant growth. In December, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, with fewer hours of daylight. This means it gets more hours of daylight. In June, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the sun’s rays hit it for a greater part of the day than in winter. Earth’s axis is an invisible line that runs through its center, from pole to pole. Seasons occur because Earth is tilted on its axis relative to the orbital plane, the invisible, flat disc where most objects in the solar system orbit the sun. The winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere is June 20 or 21, while the summer solstice, the longest day of the year, is December 21 or 22. This means that in Argentina and Australia, winter begins in June.

The seasons in the Northern Hemisphere are the opposite of those in the Southern Hemisphere. The vernal, or spring, equinox falls on March 20 or 21, and the autumnal equinox is on September 22 or 23. Spring and fall, or autumn, begin on equinoxes, days that have equal amounts of daylight and darkness. Summer begins on June 20 or 21, the summer solstice, which has the most daylight of any day in the year.

This is the winter solstice, the day of the year with the shortest period of daylight. In the Northern Hemisphere, winter generally begins on December 21 or 22. Each has its own light, temperature, and weather patterns that repeat yearly. The four seasons-spring, summer, fall, and winter-follow one another regularly. A season is a period of the year that is distinguished by special climate conditions.

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